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Rear suspension spring reversal

Yesterday, I sent an email to the technical guysat Norton Motorcycles. I have posted it here as I'm not sure it will get answered, but it could be worth discussing.

Congratulations on your new range of Norton motorcycles.

I have a technical point to make, but before I go into that may I suggest that you design and build a âRoadsterâ version of your bike?

I am pretty sure that this type of bike, with conventional seat and upright riding position, will be the most popular model if you ever produce it.

Anyway I would like to point out to you adesign aspect that you may wish to address.

I have noticed the dual rate springs as used on your rear suspension set up are assembled with the tighter coil turns at the top, but I would like to point out that the better method is to have the tighter coils at the bottom. I will explain:

The tighter wound coils produce a softer compression spring compared to the more open coils.

Most road surfaces have a much higher percentage of ripples rather than large pot holes, the suspension of a vehicle has to constantly absorb the ripples.

The swinging arm movement is transferred to the spring, so if the more supple spring component is at the bottom, then only the lower part of the spring has to move to respond to the ripples thus leaving the longer and stiffer part of the spring hardly moved, and only really responding when the bike rides overmuch bigger undulations.

In contrast, if you place the softer part of the spring at the top, then the ripplemovement has to drive the softer part of the spring by moving the entire longer and stiffer coils of the spring at this highish ripple frequency.

You can see then that there is a much larger weight of un-sprung spring mass constantly being worked up and down when you have the spring arrangement set, as you have it, with the tight coils at the top rather than the bottom.

In the effort to achieve a more perfect product, perhaps future bikes can have the rear springs reversed in orientation?

I hope you do not mind me pointing this out to you and if you agree or disagree would be welcome your feedback on it.

All the very best to everyone at Norton motorcycles.

Les H

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hi Les.Sorry I added more red lines n stuff.I was jus reading some of your other comments.This is my first entry to hyperspace,I might walk differently.Re.reversed springs,I have heard the same as you say,your explanation makes sense of this.there may be a trade off at extreme deflection as the soft spring becomes unsprung weight,but would be able to decompress as the wheel unloads without hinderance from the strong springs compressed inertia.

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Hi Barry, and thanks for your reply, it shows someone at least does read these posts and spins it over in their head.

Also well done to you for working out there is at some point, full compression of the softer coils which then becomes unsprung weight. Now we have to imagine (or monitor the movement on a real road or racetrack) what gives the best tracking of road undulations.

Tyres absorb the smallest ripples. Soft springs absorb slightly larger ripples, and strong springs absorb the big bumps.

Having said that, everything moves at once, and even the tiniest ripple moves the strongest spring!

BUT...what is important is the DISTANCE the item is caused to MOVE. Movement, or speed of movement,is the source of INERTIA, and inertia is energy that has to be absorbed if a suspension sytem is to work. The faster and heavier an object is, the more energy or inertia it contains.

We then have to have an idea of the ratio ofsmall ripples to large bumps found on the surface as to which we use the machine. As the bikes look pretty sporty I would suggest sweeping roads or tracks rather than a muddy field. There I would suggest a rippling surface would easily outnumber full suspension crashes.

So, as I explained within my first post, we have to deal with more ripples than big suspension movements and the best way is to let the soft spring section "see" the fast ripple movementDIRECTLY and not be driven by a long section of heavy spring. By keeping the shortest section of spring responding to the fast movement rather than try to move the entire spring at a high frequency, we will have the least inertia to disipate, which surely must be better.

On the relatively rare occassion that (soft section at bottom set up) the softer coil becomes coil bound the extra weight is hardly a concern when the whole machine and it's massis lurching into a large bump.

If the usage was for off road, perhaps a motocross event,then one could say large bumps were the most common, and perhaps the spring would be better with the soft coils at the top as at most times the soft coils will be coil bound and as you correctly said Barry, whichwill create unsprung weight.

Anyway, it is just my opinion, and perhaps Ohlins would be kind enough to give their opinion and scientific data, and if there is something I've mised, I will be quite happy to acknowledgethe error in my thinking and theory if I am wrongKevin. Thank you for your reply too.

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Hagon variable rate shocks also have the closer/softer coils at the bottom so they must follow the same logic as you Leslie. It's NOT a case of knowing better than the designers/makers Kevin!

Leslie, I don't follow the theory that if the close coils were at the top they would create unsprung weight when coil-bound? By my logic the opposite is true - they become, in effect, a single 'lump' which is being sprung by the more open, stiffer coils below. If they are coil-bound at the bottom then they effectively become part of the swinging arm so the upper coils take the rest of the bike's back end weight. My logic here is that the entire bike is the sprung part and the swinging arm (plus the wheels etc.) is the unsprung/fixed part. Is my logic flawed here?

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Hi Lionel.

Thanks for reading through my post and very attentively it would appear!

I think the part you are referring to is:

"If the usage was for off road, perhaps a motocross event,then one could say large bumps were the most common, and perhaps the spring would be better with the soft coils at the top as at most times the soft coils will be coil bound and as you correctly said Barry, whichwill create unsprung weight"

I agree entirely with your logic,and I realise now that I have left off a bitfrom the sentance or just poorly described what I meant. I should have said:

"If the usage was for off road, perhaps a motocross event,then one could say thatlarge bumps were the most common, and the spring would be better with the soft coils at the top as at most times the soft coils will be coil bound andwould otherwise create unsprung weight if they were left with the soft coils at the bottom.

So Lionel, I think you see the it in the same way as I do, and thanks very much for pointing out my error in what I wrote.

Some might argue that the difference is quite small, and in practice would perhaps not be that noticeable, buteven if the differenec is small, why not get the benefit however small it is...it comes totally free of chargesince the same effort is required to assemble the shocks with the spring either way round, and I know I would choose the orienatation that at least some scientific backing to support the chosen method.

By the way, even though I emailed Norton twice and had it confirmed they would at least read my suggestion., I never received any reply...not even to say "get lost, we don't give a damn" which to be honest, I would have prefered rather than to have them just bin it without comment.

It seems that perhaps there is still some old styleways left with British companies and indeed Norton. Perhaps ignorance is bliss.but it makes me wonder what reply you will get when you contact them for help when something goes wrong with your new Norton.

Anyway, please don't hesitate to point out any thing else I may have slipped on...it's all usefull information as far as I'm concerened.

Wishing you all the best Lionel

Les H

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OK Leslie, we're on the same page again! As far as the 961 is concerned it is purely academic to me as it is a style of bike that I would never buy - sorry, too old-fashioned! If I wanted a new, reliable modern bike I would always go for a "retro" look. Two current makers spring to mind. I would also never buy a new car or bike that I couldn't test drive first. My two old Nortons are quite enough for me at the moment and I still haven't ridden the 'new' Navigator yet!

I suppose it's arguable that Norton Motors have a lot on their plate (trying to make a profit for one thing!) and haven't time to spend answering your emails? It will be interesting to see if they do.

 


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